高三上学期七选五专练小卷（五）.docxVIP

中学七选五专练小卷（五） （北京市清华大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题）We love to mimic the routines of the rich and famous, but they may be no more insightful than random behaviors. Beethoven, for example, counted exactly 60 coffee beans for each cup, which he used to power his composing. Why do successful people follow unusually specific habits? And why are we so keen to read about them and mimic them in our own lives? The answer lies in a powerful psychological process called “superstitious learning”. 121 While it is mostly correct, it sometimes mistakes coincidence for causality (因果关系) ― leading us to attribute success to something arbitrary (主观的) as the color of our notebook, rather than our own talent or hard work. That is not to say the resulting habits are completely lacking in benefits. 122 If superstitious behaviors arise as a by-product of our ability to form associations, then you would expect more superstitious people to perform better on implicit learning ― the brain’s ability to non-consciously pick up patterns ― and this was exactly what Elena Daprati, a neuroscientist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata found. “Superstitious individuals generally pick up on the cue and use it,” she says. 123 Creative tasks are especially common with uncertainty ― which may explain why thinkers like Beethoven adopted specific behaviors to get their thoughts flowing. Often, the rituals that we acquire take very little effort. 124 Although the initial association with success may have been illusory (幻想的) the positive mindset that it produces really does improve our performance the next time so we do it again and again. 125 If the action costs nothing and helps you to feel a bit more in control of your day, it’s perfectly rational to continue. A．The brain is constantly looking for associations between two events. B．Daprati suggests this may even be the reason that we persist in these behaviors. C．Given these findings, we need not be e