2024中考英语复习 分词 课件.pptx

1. 分词的定义 分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分词分为现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。*现在分词表示“主动和进行”*过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。2. 分词在句中可作以下成分 01 表语定语 02 03 宾补状语 04Part 01分词做表语1. 分词做表语跟在系动词之后分词做表语, 一般跟在 这几类系动词后面。 be 动词： am, is, are, was, were,been 表示保持：keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 感官系动词： feel, smell, sound, taste 表象系动词：seem, appear, look变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come终止系动词：prove, turn out (1)现在分词做表语一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。含有“令人 … .”的意思。主语多数为物。常见的有：exciting , interesting, disappointing, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing, charming, astonishing, shocking等①The news sounds encouraging. ②That book was rather boring.③The show is very amusing.④His response to the question was quite disappointing.(2)过去分词做表语一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到 … .”的意思。主语多数情况是人。①His father seems pleased with his results.②She felt confused, and even frightened.③I’m satisfied with your answer.④I felt disappointed at his response.2.做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别(1) be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构; 如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。 The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被动）(2)有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）3. 作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别 (1)作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。 The situation in our country is encouraging. (2)进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.在分词作表语的结构中，可以用其它系动词来代替 be，但在进行结构中，则不可以。因为进行时的句型必须是 be + doing。4. 分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别(1)分词作表语主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态, 主语和表语的位置不可以互换。 The film is disappointing. We are disappointed with the film. This story book is very interesting.I am very interested in this story. (2)动名词和不定式作表语主要是表示主语的具体内容。主语和表语的位置常常可以互换。My job is teaching English. = Teaching English is my job. Our aim is to enter the universities. = To enter the universities is our aim.Her ambition was to become a successful writer.=To become a successful writer was her ambition .Part 02分词做定语1. 分词充当定语可转换成定语从