2023届高考英语常见同义词辨析讲义.pdfVIP

同义词 A 1.abandon, desert, give up ,quit “放弃” ▲abandon 的宾语可以是对其负有权利和义务的人(朋友、妻室儿女 ) 、物或事物(计 划、希望、意见、职业 ) 。强调不负责任，丢弃不顾，永远和完全放弃。这可能是被迫 的，也可能是自愿的。例如: He abandoned medicine for literature.他弃医从文。 I would never abandon any friends.我永远不会遗弃我的朋友。 Seeing the ship was about to sink, the sailors had could do nothing but to abandon it.眼看到 船要沉，水手们只能弃船。 The cruel man abandoned his wife and child.那个狠心的男人抛弃了他的妻儿。 We will never abandon our rights we deserve by law.我们决不会放弃法律赋予我们的权 利。 They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因为下雨，他们只好中止比赛。 ▲desert 的宾语主要是职责或应尽的义务，强调背信弃义，违背允诺、誓言或逃避责 任，为法律或道德所不容。例如： Never desert a friend in need. 决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。 He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.他丢下妻子儿女出国了。 ▲quit 表示突然地、仓促地放弃 Id had enough, so I quit.我受够了,所以我辞职不干了。 Always remember, only you can quit on you. 记住，只有你才能放弃你自己的梦想。 Do you mean to quit this project? 想放弃这个项目吗？ ▲give up 包含有 abandon 和 quit 的意思。有时可与 abandon 换用，但语气比 abandon 弱，不一定表示永远彻底放弃。侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。 It is a pity to give up the job.要放弃这份工作，真是遗憾。 Dont give up hope; keep on trying.不要灰心，继续努力。 She decided to give up her job after she got married.她决定婚后放弃她的工作。 For the sake of your health, you’d better give up smoking.为了你的健康，你最好戒烟。 He was compelled by illness to give up his studies.他因病被迫放弃学业。 We have no idea how to persuade him to give up the idea.我们不知道如何说服他放弃这个 念头。 It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered.你学什么并不重要，但一旦开始学一件事，就不能放弃,直到掌握为 止。 ▲在原因或动机上, abandon, give up 可以是主动的、自愿的，也可以是被迫的、勉强 的； quit 则是主动的、自愿的,例如: Id had enough, so I quit.我受够了,所以我辞职不干了。 2.aboard, board 和 on board ▲aboard adv. adv. 在船（飞机、车）上；上船（飞机、车） It’s time to go aboard.该上船（车、飞机）了。 ▲board　 v. 上车；上船；登机 1 The couple boa