超声医学（英文版）.pptVIP

The frequency of audible sound is from 20 to 20,000Hz , sound whose frequency is below 20Hz is named Infrasound, while sound with frequency over 20,000Hz is named Ultrasound. Nondiagnostic frequency is less than 1MHz, Correspondingly , medical diagnostic ultrasound is more than 1MHz. * Sound is mechanical , it is not electromagnetic. Sound waves consist of mechanical vibrations containing condensations (compressions) rarefactions (decompressions)that are transmitted through a medium. Through the picture , you can find the curve up and down , the density of medium become condensed or rare according to the curve . * Piezo is a kind of technology which offer crystal the ability to convert electric signals to mechanical , mechanical signals can be converted to electric signals as well . * Ultrasound waves sent to the part of the body . The reflected echoes are received. Echoes that return in this way carry information about the size, distance, and uniformity of internal organs. This is displayed on a monitor to create an ultrasound image * Each transducer has many elements each making pulses (150-200) , Firstly , echoes occur when pulses of U/S hit reflectors , Scondly , a stream of echoes from each pulse return to transducer . Deeper echoes from deeper tissues arrive later , Stronger echoes arrive from stronger reflectors . * After processed by computer , the image is a 2D map of reflections displayed as a grey scale , and lots of B mode images run together to form real-time 2D-images . * * * Medical Ultrasound Tech is also named……Ultrasonograph Ultrasonogram Sonograph Sonogram * Echo amplitude is proportional to the intensity of reflected waves (Amplitude modulation) Distance between echoes shown on the screen is approximately proportional to real distance between tissue interfaces.Today used mainly in ophthalmology. * Different tissue interfaces is represented by these bright waveforms , we can get the real distances through the distances betw