Synonymy教学课件文档.pptVIP

Sense Relation2020/12/101 I. Synonymy?II. Antonymy?III. Hyponymy?and Taxonomy2020/12/102 I. Synonymy?Definition1.1 types of synonyms1.2 sources of synonyms1.3 discrimination of synonyms2020/12/103 Definition:Synonyms are different phonological words which have the same or very similar meanings.Eg.end – terminate – close2020/12/104 Synonyms share a likeness in denotation as well as part of speech, for a verb cannot have an adjective as its synonym. girl – maidgenerous – extravagantend – final ?brother – fraternally ?2020/12/105 1.1 Types of synonymsa) Perfect (absolute) synonyms b) Partial (relative) synonyms2020/12/106 a) Perfect (absolute) synonyms Perfect (absolute) synonyms are words whose meaning is fully identical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. This kind of synonyms are rare and may be found in special terminology such as compounding and composition in lexicology, malnutrition and undernourishment in medicine.2020/12/107 More examples:submarineU-boatThe second was obsoleteflying saucerUFOin different style2020/12/108 To best one’s opponent, to worst one’s opponent差点, 差不点好容易, 好不容易loosen, unloosen, unfastenvaluable, invaluableflammable, inflammableshameful, shamelessheritable, inheritablea good scare, a bad scarea good licking, a bad lickinga slim chance, a fat chanceUsed in certain context and having the same meaning2020/12/109 b) Partial (relative) synonymsPartial (relative) synonyms share the nearly same or similar basic meaning, but still denote differences in other meanings, like conceptual meaning and associative meaning, and usages.2020/12/1010 E.g.end – terminate – closebasic meaning: modes of endingto terminate: to end finallyto close: to end gradually2020/12/1011 change – alter – varyTo change a thing is to put another thing in its placeTo alter a thing is to make it different from which it was beforeTo vary a thing is to alter it in different manner and at different timesA ma