Aquatic Chemical Kinetics - University of Vermont水化学动力学-佛蒙特大学.pptVIP

Metastabilityandstability

Whydometastablephasesform?Ostwald’sStepRule:Thefirstsolidphasetoprecipitateismostsolublephase(i.e.theleaststable,ormetastable,phase)WilhelmOstwald(1853–1932)AragoniteinsteadofcalciteSiO2.x(H2O)insteadofquartzFeSinsteadofpyriteFerrihydriteinsteadofhematite

ClassicalNucleationTheoryThenucleusincreasesinGibb’sfreeenergyasitaccretesThesizereachesacriticalvalueThefreeenergydecreaseswithsizeuntilanegativevalueisreached(i.e.amorestablephase)e.g.waterat0oC,criticalradiusis8?withca.90H2Omo