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CodingonCopilot
2023DataShowsDownwardPressureonCodeQuality
150mlinesofanalyzedcode+projectionsfor2024
WilliamHarding,LeadResearcher&CEO
Alloy.devResearch
MatthewKloster,CTO
GitClear
PublishedJanuary16,2024
Abstract
2023markedthecomingoutpartyforGitHubCopilot.Inlessthantwoyears’time,theAIprogrammingassistantshotfrom“prototype”to“cornerstone,”usedbymillionsofdevelopersacrosshundredsofthousandsofbusinesses[1].Itsunprecedentedgrowthdefinesanewerain“howcodegetswritten.”
GitHubhaspublishedseveralpiecesofresearchonthegrowthandimpactofAIonsoftwaredevelopment.Amongtheirfindingsisthatdeveloperswritecode“55%faster”whenusingCopilot.Thisprofusionof
LLM-generatedcodebegsthequestion:howdoesthecodequalityandmaintainabilitycomparetowhatwouldhavebeenwrittenbyahuman?Isitmoresimilartothecareful,refinedcontributionsofaSeniorDeveloper,ormoreakintothedisjointedworkofashort-termcontractor?
Toinvestigate,GitClearcollected153millionchangedlinesofcode,authoredbetweenJanuary2020andDecember2023[A1].Thisisthelargestknowndatabaseofhighlystructuredcodechangedatathathasbeenusedtoevaluatecodequalitydifferences[A2].
Wefinddisconcertingtrendsformaintainability.Codechurn--thepercentageoflinesthatarerevertedorupdatedlessthantwoweeksafterbeingauthored--isprojectedtodoublein2024comparedtoits2021,
pre-AIbaseline.Wefurtherfindthatthepercentageof"addedcode"and"copy/pastedcode"isincreasinginproportionto“updated,”“deleted,”and“moved”code.Inthisregard,codegeneratedduring2023moreresemblesanitinerantcontributor,pronetoviolatetheDRY-nessofthereposvisited.
Weconcludewithsuggestionsformanagersseekingtomaintainhighcodequalityinspiteofthemomentumopposingthatgoal.
TableofContents
GitHub:"55%fastercoding.46%morecodewritten.
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