非谓语动词-2024年中考英语专项复习.docx

非谓语动词

非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、分词和动名词。

动词不定式

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成（有时不带to）。它不能单独作谓语，不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。动词不定式连同它的宾语、状语等一起构成不定式短语，不定式短语可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语。

动词不定式的句法作用

作主语

不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，谓语动词通常用单数。

TolearnEnglishwellisdifficult.

Toreadgoodbooksmakeshimhappy.

不定式作主语常常用it作为形式主语，不定式置于句尾。其句型有3种：

It+v.+宾语/表语+todosth.

Itisagreathonortogivealecturehere.

Itisagreatpleasuretoworkwithyou.

Ittookmetwodaystofinishthereport.

Itmakesmefeelhappytothinkaboutmykids.

It+be+表语+forsb.+todosth.

Itisnoteasyforhertograspaforeignlanguage.

Itwasnecessaryforhimtofindoutthetruth.

Itishardforustoworkouttheproblem.

It+be+表语+of+名词/代词+todosth.

Itisverykindofyoutogivemeahand.

Itwascarelessofyoutoleaveyourbaginthetaxi.

“疑问代词/疑问副词/连接词+不定式”结构作主语

Howtostoppollutingriversisabigproblem.

Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisstillunknown.

作表语

动词不定式直接作表语

Themostimportantthingforhimistotakecareofhisparents.

Theonlythingwecandoistowaitandsee.

Ourgoalistoreachthetopofthemountainbefore11a.m..

“how/what/when/where/which/why+不定式”结构作表语

ThequestionishowtoimproveourselvesinEnglish.

ThepointiswhentoleaveforHongKong.

Thedifficultyiswhichonetogivetherewardto.

作宾语

动词不定式直接作及物动词的宾语

常以动词不定式作宾语的动词由:afford,agree,ask,begin,choose,continue,decide,demand,expect,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,require,start,try,volunteer,want,wish等。

其句型是：主语+vt.+todosth.

Ican’taffordtobuyanapartment.

Theydecidedtovisittheirgrandparentsontheweekend.

Someoneforgottoturnoffthelight.

HisfatherpromisedtotakehimtothesciencemuseumonSunday.

以it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语

主语+vt.+it+宾语补足语+todosth.

Theyfounditimpossibletogetthereontime.

Thehigh-speedtrainmakesitpossibletoreachChangshainthreehours.

Weconsideritourd