(42)--量子物理学百年回顾量子力学.pdf

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Centennialreviewofquantumphysics

ZENGJin-Yan

(SchoolofPhysics,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China)

AbstractThehistoryofthebirthofquantumphysicsisoverviewed.uantumphysicshasopenedthedoor

toourunderstandingofmacroscopicmatteratthemicroscopiclevel.Thepropertiesandmicroscopicstructure

ofmattercanonlybeaccountedforwithintheframeofquantumphysics,andindeed,quantumphysicsunder-

pinsthefundamentalsofallmodernscience.Asquantumphysicscelebratesits100thbirthday,spectacularsuc-

cessesareaccompaniedwithpersistentpuzzles.Ontheonehand,quantumphysicshasnotonlyinterpreteda

varietyofscientificphenomenabuthasalsobroughtaboutimmensebreakthroughsintechnology.Ontheother

hand,thebasicconceptsofquantumphysicsarestillsometimesregardedasbeingatoddswith“common

sense”,andtherehavebeenongoingdebatesonitsveryfoundationssinceitsbirth.uantumtheoryhasbeen

andwillalwayschallengeourviewofnatureandtheuniverse.

Keywordsquantumphysics,wave-particleduality,statesuperpositionandentanglement,measurement

anddecoherence,quantuminformationtheory

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