2015asdan美式数学竞赛学术材料sgen08n.pdfVIP

1stAnnualHarvard-MITNovemberTournament

Saturday8November2008

IndividualRound

1.[2]Findtheminimumofx2−2xoverallrealnumbersx.

Answer:-1Writex2−2x=x2−2x+1−1=(x−1)2−1.Since(x−1)2≥0,itisclearthatthe

minimumis−1.

Alternatemethod:Thegraphofy=x2−2xisaparabolathatopensup.Therefore,theminimum

occursatitsvertex,whichisat−b=−(−2)=1.But12−2·1=−1,sotheminimumis−1.

2a2

2.[3]Whatistheunitsdigitof72009?

123456

Answer:7Notethattheunitsdigitsof7,7,7,7,7,7,...followsthepattern7,9,3,1,7,9,3,1,

The2009thterminthissequenceshouldbe7.

44502

Alternatemethod:Notethattheunitsdigitof7isequalto1,sotheunitsdigitof(7)isalso

4502200820082009

1.But(7)=7,sotheunitsdigitof7is1,andthereforetheunitsdigitof7is7.

3.[3]Howmanydiagonalsdoesaregularundecagon(11-sidedpolygon)have?

Answer:44Thereare8diagonalscomingfromthefirstvertex,8morefromthenext,7fromthe

next,6fromthenext,5fromthenext,etc.,and1fromthelast,for8+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1=44

total.

Thirdmethod:Eachvertexhas8diagonalstouchingit.Thereare11vertices.Sinceeachdiagonal

touchestwovertices,thiscountseverydiagonaltwice,sothereare8·11=44diagonals.

2

4.[4]Howmany