水污染英文版课件.pptVIP

Waterpollution

WaterisEssentialforLifennItcovers71%oftheearthssurfaceandmakesup65%ofourbodies.Withouttheseeminglyinvaluablecompoundcomprisedofhydrogenandoxygen,lifeonEarthwouldbenon-existent

nThreefourthsofthesurfaceoftheEarthiscoveredwithwater.Nearly98%ofthewateronEarth,though,isseawater?unfitfordrinkingandnotevensuitableformostindustrialpurposes.Somethinglessthan2%ofthewaterisfrozeninthepolaricecaps,leavinglessthan1%availableasfreshwater.

Water:UnusualPropertiesnManychemicalsubstancesaresolubleinwater.Thus,theyareeasilydispersedandeventuallyarescatteredtonearlyinfinitedilutionintheocean.Thosepropertiesofwaterthatmakeituniquelysuitedforthesupportoflifealsomakeiteasytopollute.

NaturalWaterIsn’tAllH2OnRainwatercarriesdustparticlesfromtheatmospheretotheground.Rainwateralsodissolvesalittleoxygen,nitrogen,andcarbondioxideasitfallsthroughtheatmosphere.Duringelectricalstorms,lightningcausesnitrogen,oxygen,andwatervaportocombinetoformnitricacid.

nnAswatermovesalongorbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth,itdissolvesmineralsandmatterfromdecayingplantsandanimals.Theprincipalpositiveions(cations)innaturalwateraresodium(Na+),potassium(K+),calcium(Ca2+),magnesium(Mg2+),andsometimesiron(Fe2+orFe3+).nThenegativeions(anions)areusuallysulfate(SO42-),bicarbonate(HCO3-),andchloride(Cl-).

hardwaternWatercontainingthesecalcium,magnesium,andironionsiscalledhardwater.nThepositiveionsreactwiththenegativeionsinsoaptoformascumthatclingstoclothesandleavesthemdingylooking.

WaterpollutionnnnWaterpollutionisanychemical,physicalorbiologicalchangeinthequalityofwaterthathasaharmfuleffectonanylivingthingWaterpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitiesisalargesetofadverseeffectsuponwaterbodiessuchaslakes,rivers,oceans,andgroundwaterPollutantsinwateri