The Impact of E-commerce on International Trade an_原创精品文档.pdf

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TheImpactofE-commerceonInternational

TradeandEmployment

(Partly)

Thebenefitsofe-commerceoneconomyareclassifiedintothreegroups:

firms,prices,productivity.Acombinationoftechnologicalandmarketforces

havecompelledcompaniestoexamineandreinventtheirsupplychainstrategies.

Tostaycompetitive,firmshavesearchedforgreatercoordinationand

collaborationamongsupplychainpartnerstowringouttheinefficienciesthat

mightexistwithinfirmtransactions.Manyofthetransactionscanbedone

externally,viaelectronicmarkets.TheInternetanditsapplicationshavethus

servedtoenhancetheprocesstoincreaseefficienciesinsupplychain

management.Moreover,ICTsallowsfirmstoidentifythemarketfortheinputs

theyneedinproductionandsubstantiallyreducesthecostofgatheringand

processinginformationaboutthepricesandinputcharacteristicsofdifferent

goodsandservices.Inaddition,informationandcommunicationtechnologies

makeiteasiertointegrateandcontrolremoteoperationswithoutincurring

prohibitivecosts.BetterICTsenableoptimizedoperationstobeestablishedin

lowcostdomesticlocationsandcountrieswherecomparativeadvantageis

presentfortheoutsourcedtask.E-commercethusfacilitatestheeffortsof

companiestoseparateandspinouteveryconceivableactivityintheproduction

processtoentitiesoutsidethefirm.

Theavailableempiricalevidenceonpriceismixed.Someofthefirst

studiesfoundthatpricesofgoodssoldthroughtheInternetwereonaverage

higherthantheirequivalentpurchasedthroughtraditionalretailers.Amore

recentstudy,however,foundpricesfo

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