计算机发展史【英文】.ppt

AugustaAdaKing,

CountessofLovelaceCharlesBabbage’spatron,assistant,andchroniclerDaughterofLordByron,thepoetWrotesetsofinstructionsfortheAnalyticalEngineWorld’sfirstcomputerprogrammerU.S.DepartmentofDefensenamedits

programminglangaugeAdaafterher1815-1852”TheAnalyticalEngineweavesalgebraicpatternsjustastheJacquardloomweavesflowersandleaves”Jacquardloom

HermanHollerithDevelopedatabulatingmachinefortheU.S.censusof1890StacksofpunchedcardsservedasapermanentmemoryCutcensustimefrom10+

yearsto6weeksNotprogrammableStartedacompanytomarket

hismachinewhichmergedwithotherstoformtheComputing-Tabulating-RecordingCompany(eventuallyknownas...)

HermanHollerith

JohnAtanasoffandCliffordBerryAmericanphysicistsatIowaStateCollegeBerrywasAtanasoff’sgradstudentBuiltABCmachineinlate1930sSpecial-purposecalculatorforfindingsolutionstosystemsofequationsAll-electronicdesignusingvacuumtubesforswitchingelementsNevercompleted,duetoinsufficientfunding

TheAtanasoff-BerryComputer(replica)

KonradZuseGermanengineerundertheThirdReichBuiltZ1,Z2,Z3,andZ4inlate1930sandearly1940swithHelmutSchreyerElectromechanicaldesignwithrelaysforswitchingelementsGeneral-purposecomputingdeviceControlledbyperforatedcelluloidstrips

(likepunchedcards)FirstmachinetousebinarynumbersystemNevercompleted,duetoinsufficientfundingfromtheNazigovernment1100101011000100011011111000010110010010111101010

HowardAikenAmericanphysicistandappliedmathematicianBuiltMarkIatHarvardincollaborationwith

GraceHopperandIBMengineersin1944InspiredbyBabbage’sAnalyticalEngineElectromechanicaldesignwithrelaysforswitchingelementsRearAdmiralGraceHopper

HowardAikenHandled23-digitnumbers,logarithms,trigonometricfunctionsControlledbypunchedpapertapeFullyautomaticbutslow

(3-5secondspermultiplication)RemainedinuseatHarvardunt