肿瘤的诊断和治疗.pptVIP

*目前使用的TNM分类是法国学者PierrreDenoix在1943－1952年间发展的。1952年国际抗癌联盟（UICC）为了统一肿瘤学登记、统计和非类，成立了肿瘤命名和统计学会。1953年国际肿瘤分期和治疗效果评定委员会一致同意将TNM分类定为肿瘤临床分类方法。目前广泛流传的是第四版的第二次修定版本。对每一组织的肿瘤精确描述和分类，有助于指导临床医师制定治疗计划、在一定程度预测病人预后、有助于评价疗效、有利于各治疗中心的信息交流；有利于对人类癌症的连续研究。*体力状态是用来评估一个人参与日常生活活动的能力。体力状态评分和标准经常被被临床医师和研究者用来评估患者疾病的进展情况，以及疾病影响患者日常生活活动的程度。它们还被来判断采用何种合适的治疗措施或支持治疗，并能够用来判断预后。*治疗目的：去除或缩小肿瘤，激素治疗：乳腺、前列腺、子宫内膜癌、甲状腺癌免疫治疗：IL-2，INF-alfa双磷酸盐：抑制骨吸收，有骨转移时常应用 Managementofcancerpatientsrequiresamultidisciplinaryapproach;itimpliestheuseofspecifictreatmentscapableofremovingorreducingthetumoraldisease.Italsorequirestheuseofdifferenttherapeutictoolswithoutpeculiarantitumoraleffectsbutwhichmaybeessentialtoincreasetheoveralltherapeuticbenefit.-Theantitumoraltreatmentismainlybasedonsurgery,radiotherapyandchemotherapy.- Somecancersincludingbreast,prostate,endometriumandthyroidcancers,are

hormonodependentandendocrinemanipulation,byinhibitinghormonalstimulationoftumoralcells,mayconstituteaneffectiveantitumoraltreatment.-Immunotherapyaimstostimulatethehostimmuneresponsetotumoralcells.However,this

simplebasicconceptcomesupagainstthecomplexityoftheimmunesystem,themultiple

interactionsbetweencytokines,…Twocompoundsareroutinelyusedinthetreatmentof

solidtumors:interleukin??(metastaticrenalcancer)andinterferon??(metastaticrenalcancer,disseminatedmelanoma).? Associatedtreatmentsincludealargevarietyofdrugsaimingtocontrolsymptoms-relatedto

themalignantprocesssuchaspainoreventsinducedbytheantitumoraltreatment,notablyadverseeventsofchemotherapyBiphosphonates:agentsthatinhibitboneresorptionandareusefulinthemanagementofmalignantdiseaseswithbonemetastases.Chemoprotectors:agentswhichpreventorreducesideeffectsinducedbysome chemotherapeuticagents.NoteOverviewOncology*? Surgeryconstitutestheprimarymodeoftreatmentfor