chap 17 amino acids2c polypeptides and proteinspart氨基酸多肽蛋白质部分.pptx

chap 17 amino acids2c polypeptides and proteinspart氨基酸多肽蛋白质部分.pptx

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1Secondarystructure:orderedregionsofaproteinchain.Thetwomostcommontypesofsecondarystructurearethe?-helix(?-螺旋)andthe?-pleatedsheet(?-折叠).

2LinusPauling(莱纳斯·鲍林)andRobertCoreyfoundersofstructuralbiologybeganworkingonproteinstructureinlate1930sIn1951,PREDICTEDtheexistenceof?-helixand?-sheetbasedonfundamentalchemistryandsomeexperimentaldata

3

4?-helix:Aright-handedcoiledformadoptedbymanyproteinsintheirsecondarystructure.

5

63.6residues/turn0.54nm0.46nm

7每个氨基酸残基(第n个)的羰基氧与多肽链C端方向的第4个残基(第n+4个)的氨基形成氢键氢键闭合的环,包含13个原子n+1n+2n+3n+4n

8?-pleatedsheet:oneofthecommonformsofsecondarystructureinwhichhydrogenbondingholdchainsofaminoacidsroughlyinparallellines.

9?-sheetisstabledbyhydrogenbonds

10?-sheetscanbeparalleloranti-parallel

11

12theamountof?-helixstructureinaproteinvaries:fromnearlynonetoalmost100%thestabilityofan?-helixisaffectedbyits1ostructure:oppositechargeatevery4residues=stablesamechargeatevery4residues=unstablebulkyresiduesnearby=unstablethepresenceofproline=unstablethepresenceofglycine=unstable?

13Collagenis3a-helixpeptidechains

14Individual?-helicescancoilaroundeachothertoformaverystablestructure:?-helixcoiledcoil.e.g.Keratin(Hair)

15Tertiarystructure:thestructureofaproteininducedbyitsfoldingpattern.tertiarystructureoflactatedehydrogenase(乳酸脱氢酶)

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18Quaternarystructure:Aself-assembledaggregateoftwoormoreproteinunits.Someproteinshavemultiplesubunits(亚基)NumberofsubunitsvariesSubunitscanbethesameordifferentForcesthatholdthe4ostructuretogetherarethesameasthatofthe3ostructure

19quaternarystructureofhemoglobin

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21Chemicalpropertiesofproteins:1.AmphotericionizationandisoelectricpointpHpIpH=pIpHpIBecausemostthepIofproteinslessthan7,andthepHofbloodisabout7.35,somostproteinsinourbodyarenegat

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