分析成果electric2电动.pptx

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Chap20Gauss’sLawMathematicianPhysicistastronomer

ElectricfluxSurfaceintegralGauss’slawClosedsurfaceGaussiansurfaceKeyterms:

Gauss’slawisanmoregeneralrelationshipbetweenelectricchargeandelectricfield.Itispartofthekeytousesymmetryconsiderationstosimplifyelectric-fieldcalculations.Anditgivesusadditionalinsightintothenatureofelectrostaticfields.Gauss’slawinvolvesanintegraloftheelectricfieldEateachpointonaclosedsurface.

20-1Electricfieldlines1.Rule(P.472):1)Thetangenttoafieldlineisinthedirectionofthefield;Bydrawingfewrepresentativelinesthatfollowthecurvaturemappedoutbythearrowstovisualizepatternsinelectricfield.2)Thedensityofthelinesmeasurestheintensityofthefield;

SomeTypicalFieldLines(P472):!mind:electricfieldlinesdonotactuallyexist!

2.EssenceoftheElectricfieldlines(P472)1)Electricfieldlinesoriginateonpositivecharges(orcomefrominfinity)andterminateonnegativecharges(orgoontoinfinity).Theyneveroriginateorterminateonacharged-freepointinfinitespace(不会在没有电荷处中断).2)Thefieldlinesarenevercrosseachother

20-2ElectricFlux(P.487)1.Definition:Thenumberoffieldlinescrossingagivenareaiscalledthefluxthroughthearea.1)Inuniformfield2.CalculationsofElectricFlux??

Example:Thefluxoftheelectricfield(24N/C)i+(30N/C)j+(16N/C)kthrougha2.0m2portionoftheyzplaneis: A) 32N.m2/C B) 34N.m2/C C) 42N.m2/C D) 48N.m2/C E) 60N.m2/CExample:

2)NonuniformfielddADividethesurface,andchooseanysmallelementdA.Thefieldcanbeconsidereduniformoverthistinyarea.TheelectricfluxthroughtheentiresurfaceisA

3.PropertiesofElectricFlux1)Electricfluxisascalar,butitcanbepositiveornegative.TheSIunit:Nm2/C,Vm.Question:?Outward:positive!2)Foraclosedsurface,wedefinethedirectionofA,orofdA,topointoutwardf

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