肠道菌群失调.ppt

*科研证实布拉氏酵母菌具有抗毒素作用，他可以1、分泌120KDa糖蛋白拮抗霍乱毒素；2、分泌63KDa蛋白磷酸酶拮抗大肠埃希氏菌脂多糖（LPS)；3、分泌54KDa糖蛋白拮抗艰难梭菌A/B肠毒素。*这张图显示的是亿活的抗菌效果：病原菌可以通过MLCK（肌球蛋白轻链激酶）使MLC（肌球蛋白轻链）磷酸化从而破坏肠上皮细胞间的紧密连接，布拉氏酵母菌可以通过抑制MLCK的作用从而保持上皮细胞间的紧密连接；另外布拉氏酵母菌还可以通过细胞壁甘露聚糖直接吸附病原菌，从而减少病原菌对肠黏膜的侵袭。MLC：肌球蛋白轻链；MLCK：肌球蛋白轻链激酶pMLC:肌球蛋白轻链磷酸化LuminalAction:AntimicrobialEffectAntimicrobialeffectofSaccharomycesboulardiihas2maincomponents.Thefirstispreservationoftightjunctions.Tightjunctionsarestructuresthatensurethecohesionoftheapicalpartofcells.Oneoftheproteinsmakingupthesetightjunctionsisthemyosinlightchain(MLC).Presenceofapathogen(e.g.,EnterohemorrhagicEscherichiacoli-EHEC)resultsinphosphorylationofthisprotein,resultinginbreakdown.Theconsequenceisopeningoftightjunctionsanddecreasedcellresistancetomovementofthepathogen.DahanetaldemonstratedthatSaccharomycesboulardiireducedthepermeabilityofcellstoEcolibyinhibitingthebreakdownofmyosinlightchain.Saccharomycesboulardiiproducesasubstancewhichisabletoblocktheenzymeresponsibleforthedestructionofthetightjunction.ThereforeEcolicannotpenetrateinsidetheenterocyte.ThesecondactionthatcontributestoSaccharomycesboulardii’santimicrobialeffectisitscapacitytoadheretointestinalpathogens.MostofgastrointestinalinfectionsarecausedbyEcoliandSalmonellatyphimurium.Moreover,thesebacteriaareoftenresistanttousualdrugs.InthepresenceofSaccharomycesboulardii,duetothepresenceofhighconcentrationofmannoseintheoutermembraneoftheyeast,thebacteriastronglybindtotheyeastvialectinreceptors(adhesins).Thebacteriaaretheneliminatedbytheflowofintestinalsecretion.Therefore,thismechanismpreventstheadherenceofthebacteriatothemucousmembranes,thuspreventingthepathogenicbacteriafromcausinganinfection.ThisistherationalefortheuseofSaccharomycesboulardiiingastrointestinalinf