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Mammoth
Reading
Around11,000yearsago,attheendofthelastIceAge,themammothelephantsofNorthAmericahaditprettygood.Foodwasplentiful,theherdswerestrong,theclimatewasfavorable.However,somethinghappenedandinashorttime,allthemammothsdisappeared.Whathappened?Thesearethethreemaintheoriesexplainingtheirextinction.
Themostlikelytheoryinvolves“manvs.mammoths.”Around11,000yearsago,thefirsthumans,agroupcalledtheClovisPeople,cameacrossthelandbridgeconnectingAsiaandNorthAmerica.AccordingtoUniversityofArizonascientistPaulMartin,theClovisPeoplewerecleverhunters.Theywereaccompaniedbydogsandwerearmedwithspearswithsharpstonepoints.AccordingtoProfessorMartin,theClovisPeoplehuntedthemammothstoextinction.
Asecondtheoryisthatclimaticchangeskilledoffthemammoths.DuringtheIceAge,humansmayhavefoundtheclimateharsh,butitiswasperfectforwoolymammoths.Theweatherseldomchanged;itwascoldanddampallyearround,andtherewerenoseasons.Littlebylittle,however,theclimategrewwarmer,theglaciersreceded,andthemoistairbecamedrier.Seasonsemerged,plantlifechanged.Grassyplainsbecamedeserts,andthewoolymammothsdiedofstarvation,accordingtothistheory.
Athirdtheory,advancedbyRossMcPheeoftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,isthatmammothsweredestroyedbydiseasesbroughtbyhumansfromtheOldWorld.ThemicrobesweredestroyedbydiseasesbroughtbyhumansfromtheOldWorld.Themicrobesmayhavebeencarriedbytheliceintheirhairorbythefleasontheirdogs.Themammothshadnoresistance.Thisplaguemayhavepassedfrommammothtomammothandfromherdtoherd,destroyingthespecies.
Listening
08,26
Listentopartofalectureinageo-scienceclass
Allright,nowwe’regoingtocontinueourdiscussionofextinction,extinctionattheendoftheIceAges.Igaveyouacoupleofarticlestoread
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