从属结构一-L-31-Subordination课件.pptx

Lecture4SUBORDINATION(I)从句（1）1

Coordinationandsubordination并列和隶属Subordinators隶属连词Subordinateclauses(finite)限定隶属从句NotesonAdverbialclauses状语从句小贴士Subordination隶属2

CoordinationandSubordinationSection13

Theyaretwodevices手段forcombiningandrelating关联ideas.Thesearecommonlyusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentencesinordertoestablishvarioussemanticrelationships语义关系.Generallyspeaking,coordinationestablishesarelationshipbetweenideasofapproximatelyequalimportance,whilesubordinationestablishesakindofrelationshipwhichindicatesthatoneideaismoreimportantthantheother.CoordinationandSubordination

并列和隶属4

CoordinationandSubordination

并列和隶属Coordination（并列构造）equalimportance相同旳主要性雨停了，太阳出来了。Therainstopped,andthesuncameout.Subordination（隶属构造）oneideaismoreimportantthantheother句子内部主要性有高下雨停旳时候，太阳出来了。Whentherainstopped,thesuncameout.5

Whatissubordination?

隶属Subordinationmeansputtingagrammaticalunitinalowerrankorlessimportantposition.Words,phrases,andclausesthatmakeoneelementofasentencedependenton(orsubordinateto)another.Themanwithaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwithaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwhowasholdingaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwhowasholdingaguninhishandisamurderer.6

Waysofsubordinatingminorideas

把次要思想置于隶属地位旳措施Itisageneralpracticetoputthemainideainthemainclause主句andtheminorideainadependentclause从句（=subordinateclause）.Therearevariouswaysofsubordinatingminorideas,whichmaybeexpressedbyafiniteclause限定隶属分句ornon-finiteclause非限定隶属分句orverblessclause无动词分句.7

Finiteclausesforshowingminorideas

限定隶属分句Beforeshecouldanswerthetelephone,itstoppedringing.Mainidea:itsoppedringing.Minoridea:beforeshecouldanswerthetelephone.出身于下层社会旳大家庭旳约翰，今年秋天考入了大学。John,whocomesfromalarge,lower-classfamily,enrolledincollegethisfall.8

Finiteclausesfors