生态相互作用放大了海洋生态系统中的累积效应 Ecological interactions amplify cumulative effects in marine ecosystems.docx

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生态相互作用放大了海洋生态系统中的累积效应 Ecological interactions amplify cumulative effects in marine ecosystems.docx

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ScienceAdvAnceS|ReSeARchARticle

ECOLOGY

Ecologicalinteractionsamplifycumulativeeffectsinmarineecosystems

DavidBeauchesne1,2,3*,KevinCazelles1,4,RémiM.Daigle5,6,DominiqueGravel7,PhilippeArchambault3,8

Biodiversityencompassesnotonlyspeciesdiversitybutalsothecomplexinteractionsthatdriveecologicaldy-namicsandecosystemfunctioning.Still,thesecriticalinteractionsremainoverwhelminglyoverlookedinenviron-mentalmanagement.Inthisstudy,weintroduceanecosystem-basedapproachthatassessesthecumulativeeffectsofclimatechangeandhumanactivitiesonspeciesintheSt.Lawrencemarineecosystem,easternCanada,byexplicitlyaccountingfortheeffectsarisingfromspeciesinteractionswithinamultiplestressorsframework.Ourfindingsrevealpreviouslyunrecognizedthreatstoexploitedandendangeredfishesandmarinemammals,exposingnoteworthygapsinexistingmanagementandrecoverystrategies.Byintegratingthelessobviousyetnolesssubstantialeffectsarisingfromspeciesinteractionsintocumulativeeffectsassessments,ourapproachprovidesarobusttooltoguidemorecomprehensiveandeffectivemanagementandconservationeffortsfor

marinespecies.

licenseeAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementof

Science.noclaimtooriginalU.S.

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noncommercial

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INTRODUCTION

Speciesinteractionsareadouble-edgedsword(1):Thoseconnectionsthataresovitaltotheexistenceofthecomplexecologicalcommuni-tiesthatinspiredDarwin’sfamous“tangledbank”metaphorarealsothosethatallowthecumulativeeffectsofclimatechangeandhumanactivitiestospreadthroughcommunitiesinadomino-likeeffect(2–6).Stressorscanrewire,thatis,reconfigure,ent