细菌的变异现象Thephenomenonofbacterialvariation王利沙讲解.pptx

细菌的变异现象Thephenomenonofbacterialvariation主讲老师：王利沙WeifangNursingVocationalCollege潍坊护理职业学院

细菌的遗传与变异Geneticsandvariationofbacteria细菌和其他生物一样，也具有遗传和变异的特性。Bacteria,likeotherorganisms,alsopossessgeneticandmutationalcharacteristics.遗传使细菌的性状代代相传，保持其种属特性的稳定性。Geneticsenablesthetransmissionofbacterialtraitsfromgenerationtogeneration,maintainingthestabilityoftheirspeciescharacteristics.变异可导致变种或新种的产生，有利于物种的进化Mutationcanleadtotheemergenceofvariantsornewspecies,whichisbeneficialfortheevolutionofspecies.研究细菌的遗传变异对细菌性感染疾病的预防、诊断和治疗均具有重要的意义。Studyingthegeneticvariationofbacteriaisofgreatsignificancefortheprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofbacterialinfectiousdiseases.

细菌变异的现象Thephenomenonofbacterialvariation形态结构的变异Variationinmorphologicalstructure1菌落变异Colonyvariation2耐药性变异Drugresistancevariation3毒力变异Virulencevariation4

01形态结构的变异Variationinmorphologicalstructure

形态结构的变异Variationinmorphologicalstructure形态变异Morphologicalvariation3-6%食盐

鼠疫杆菌多形态性(衰残型)

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Y.pestisagarmediumMultiform(attenuated)3-6%salt

形态结构的变异Variationinmorphologicalstructure形态变异Morphologicalvariation正常型的霍乱弧菌NormaltypeVibriocholerae青霉素溶菌酶细胞壁缺失Cellwalldeficiency青霉素、溶菌酶

正常形态细菌------------------------------L型变异抗体或补体(部分或完全失去胞壁)

NormalformbacteriaAntibodyorcomplementL-typevariationPartialorcompletelossofcellwallPenicillin,lysozyme霍乱弧菌L型VibriocholeraeL-type细胞壁缺失:Cellwalldeficiency:

形态结构的变异Variationinmorphologicalstructure结构变异Structuralvariation芽胞变异Sporevariation:42-43℃10-20天10-20d炭疽杆菌可形成芽胞Anthraxbacilluscanformspores失去形成芽胞能力,毒力减弱Lossofsporeformingabilityandweakenedvirulence无血清的培养基肺炎球菌（较厚的荚膜）Pn