呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述（英文版）.pptxVIP

同学们好！

呼吸系统疾病RespiratorySystemDisease湘雅医院儿科郑湘榕

婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗重点

IntroduceInpediatricoutpatient,6o%patientsareacuterespiratoryinfections.Inpediatricward,25%patientsarePneumonia.Thefirstcauseofchildren’sdeathinChinaisPneumonia.Pneumoniaistheworldsleadingcauseofdeathamongchildren.Itkillsnearlytwomillionchildrenunderagefiveeveryyear.

Whychildrenaresosusceptibletoacuterespiratoryinfections?

anatomicphysiologicalfeaturesThechildren’srespiratorylumensarenarrow,bloodflowisabundant.Thechildren’srepertoryabilityislow.Thechildren’slocalimmunityislow.

ChildrenRespiratorySystemPhysiologicFeatureRespiratoryrateNeonate40-44/min1year30/min2-3years24/min4-7years22/min8-14years20/min

ChildrenRespiratorySystemPhysiologicFeatureRespiratorytypeRespiratorytypeofabdomenRespiratorytypeofchestabdomen

ＰhysicalexaminationinspectionChangeofrespiratoryrateCyanopathyThreeconcavesignＡuscultationExamineMethod

急性上呼吸道感染（AURI）AcuteUpperRespiratoryInfection

EtiologyＶirus：Ｏccupy90%Ｂacteria：ＳecondaryStreptococuspyogensPneumococcuＨaemophilusinfluenzae

CommonAURILocalsymptomismildIninfantandtoddlerSystemicsymptomissevereComplicationsarecommonClinicalManifestations

CommonAURIＰhysicalexaminationCongestionofpharyngealportion,antiadoncus(咽部充血，扁桃体肿大)Lymphadenectasisinsubmaxilla(有时下颌、淋巴结肿大)Rashwhenenterovirusinfection(肠道病毒感染时可出现皮疹)ClinicalManifestations

SpecialAURI柯萨奇病毒A组感染夏秋好发高热、咽痛、流涎咽腭弓、软腭处有疱疹疱疹破溃后可形成溃疡病程1周左右ClinicalManifestationsHerpangina疱疹性咽峡炎

Pharyngo-conjunctivalfever咽结合膜热腺病毒3，7型所致春夏发病，可小流行发热、咽炎、结合膜炎咽部充血、结合膜充血，颈部、耳后淋巴结肿大病程1~2周ClinicalManifestationsSp