课件matlab工程师概论william j palm probability stats interpolation8 probiable.pptx

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课件matlab工程师概论william j palm probability stats interpolation8 probiable.pptx

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IntroductiontoMATLABforEngineers,ThirdEditionWilliamJ.PalmIIIChapter8LinearAlgebraicEquationsPowerPointtopanyCopyright?2010.TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.

Asingularproblemreferstoasetofequationshavingeithernouniquesolutionornosolutionatall.Forexample,theset 3x-4y=5 6x-8y=10issingularandhasnouniquesolutionbecausethesecondequationisidenticaltothefirstequation,multipliedby2.Thegraphsofthesetwoequationsareidentical.Allwecansayisthatthesolutionmustsatisfyy=(3x-5)/4,whichdescribesaninfinitenumberofsolutions.8-2

Theequations 6x–10y=2 3x–4y=5havegraphsthatintersectatthesolutiony=4,x=7.Ontheotherhand,theset 3x-4y=5 6x-8y=3 issingularbuthasnosolution.Thegraphsofthesetwoequationsaredistinctbutparallel(seethenextslide).Becausetheydonotintersect,nosolutionexists.8-3

Thegraphsoftwoequationsthatintersectatasolution.8-4

Parallelgraphsindicatethatnosolutionexists.8-5

Considerthefollowingsetofhomogeneousequations(whichmeansthattheirrightsidesareallzero) 6x+ay=0 2x+4y=0 whereaisaparameter.Multiplythesecondequationby3andsubtracttheresultfromthefirstequationtoobtain (a-12)y=0 Thesolutionisy=0onlyifa112;ifa=12,thereisaninfinitenumberofsolutionsforxandy,wherex=-2y.8-6

Matrixnotationenablesustorepresentmultipleequationsasasinglematrixequation.Forexample,considerthefollowingset: 2x1+9x2=5 3x1-4x2=7 Thissetcanbeexpressedinvector-matrixformaswhichcanberepresentedinthefollowingcompactform Ax=b (seepages332-333)293-4x1x2=578-7

FortheequationsetAx=b,●if|A|=0,thenthereisnouniquesolution.●Dependingonthevaluesinthevectorb,theremaybenosolutionatall,oraninfinitenumberofsoluti