module 5 set operators grouping and windows 5设置运算符分组.pptx

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module 5 set operators grouping and windows 5设置运算符分组.pptx

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05|SETOperators,WindowsFunctions,andGroupingBrianAlderman|MCT,CEO/FounderofMicroTechPointTobiasTernstrom|MicrosoftSQLServerProgramManager

CourseTopicsQueryingMicrosoftSQLServer2012JumpStart05|SETOperators,WindowsFunctions,andGrouping SEToperators,Windowsfunctions,GROUPINGsets(PIVOT,UNPIVOT,CUBE,ROLLUP)06|ModifyingData INSERT,UPDATE,andDELETEstatements,useofdefaults,constraints,andtriggers,OUTPUT07|ProgrammingwithT-SQL UsingT-SQLprogrammingelements,implementingerrorhandling,understandingandimplementingtransactions08|RetrievingSQLServerMetadataandImprovingQueryPerformance Queryingsystemcatalogsanddynamicmanagementviews,creatingandexecutingstoredprocedures,improvingSQLServerqueryperformance

SEToperators(UNION,INTERSECT,EXCEPT,APPLY)WindowsfunctionsGroupingsets(PIVOT,UNPIVOT,CUBE,ROLLUP)ModuleOverview

SetOperators

InteractionsbetweensetsTheresultsoftwoinputqueriesmaybecombined,compared,oroperatedagainsteachotherBothsetsmusthavethesamenumberofcompatiblecolumnsORDERBYnotallowedininputqueries,butmaybeusedforresultofsetoperationNULLsconsideredequalwhencomparingsetsSEToperatorsincludeUNION,INTERSECT,EXCEPT,andAPPLYSELECTquery_1set_operatorSELECTquery_2[ORDERBYsort_list]

UsingtheUNIONoperatorUNIONreturnsaresultsetofdistinctrowscombinedfrombothsidesDuplicatesremovedduringqueryprocessing(affectsperformance)--onlydistinctrowsfrombothqueriesarereturnedSELECTProductID,OrderQty,UnitPriceFROMSales.SalesOrderDetailUNIONSELECTProductID,OrderQty,UnitPriceFROMPurchasing.PurchaseOrderDetailPurchasingSales

UsingtheUNIONALLoperatorUNIONALLreturnsaresultsetwithallrowsfrombothsetsToavoidperformancepenalty,useUNIONALLevenifyouknowtherearenoduplicatesPurchasingSales--allrowsfrombothqueriesarereturnedSELECTProductID,OrderQty,UnitPriceFROMSales