专升本考试 英语提分资料虚拟语气专题讲解.pptVIP

虚拟语气（subjunctivemood）是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。一、用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。1)表示与现在事实相反的假设

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotaccepthisoffer.

IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothecinemawithyou.

IfIwereinyourpositionIwouldmarryher.2)表示与过去事实相反的假设：IfIhadgotupalittleearlier,Iwouldn’thavemissedthetrain.

IfIhadbeenmorecareful,Imighthavepassedthatexam.Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterdaywecouldhaveplayedtennis.

3)表示与将来情况相反的假设：IfIweretodothejob,Iwouldnotbeabletohaveenoughtimetostudy.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgooutwithyou.特注：在存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：Ifyouhadfollowedwhatthedoctorsaid,youwouldnotbesopainfulnow.Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.

3.用介词、副词、介词短语表达的潜在虚拟条件句（只考虑主句）在个别句子中可以通过介词without和介词短语butfor、副词otherwise等表达出来。Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.包含butfor的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1)表示现在不可能实现的愿望

IwishIhadenoughmoneytobuyacar.

IwishIwereasyoungandenergeticasyou.

2)表示过去未能实现的愿望，（had+过去分词）或“would/could+have+过去分词”。

IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.

IwishIcouldhavedoneitbetter.

3)表示将来不可能实现的愿望，“would/should(could,might)+动词原形”。

IwishIwouldnotgetold.

IwishIcouldtravelaroundtheworldoneday.2.表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等主观意愿的动词Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beraisedby10percent.

Theteacherdecidedthatyoudotheexperimentfirst.

Theheadnurseinsistedthatthepatientnotmove.特注：suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不要用虚拟语气。Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisill.Heinsistedthathedidnotkilltheboy.3.在wouldrather,wouldsooner,hadrather,would(just)assoon,wouldprefer之后的宾语从句中注：若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原形。Iwouldratherstayathometoday.Iwouldrather