算法竞赛入门典习题例题章.pdfVIP

1658Admiral

MichielAdriaenszoondeRuyteristhemostfamousadmiralinDutchhistoryandiswellknownforhis

roleintheAnglo-DutchWarsofthe17thcentury.DeRuyterallycommandedaflagshipand

issuedcommandstoalliedwarshipsduringnavalbattles.

InDeRuyter’stime,graphtheoryhadjustbeeninventedandtheadmiralusedittohisgreat

advantageinplanninghisnavalbattles.Waypointsatseaarerepresentedbyvertices,andpossible

passagesfromonewaypointtoanotherarerepresentedasdirectededges.Givenanytwowaypoints

W1andW2,thereisatmostonepassageW1→W2.Eachdirectededgeismarkedwiththenumber

ofcannonballsthatneedtobefiredinordertosafelymoveashipalongthatedge,sinkingtheenemy

shipsencounteredalongtheway.

OneofDeRuyter’smostsuccessfultacticswastheDeRuyterManoeuvre.Here,twowarshipsstart

atthesamewaypoint,andsplitupandfighttheirwaythroughtheenemyfleet,joiningupagainata

destinationwaypoint.Themanoeuvreprescribesthatthetwowarshipstakedisjunctroutes,meaning

thattheymustnotvisitthesamewaypoint(otherthanthestartandend-points),orusethesame

passageduringthebattle.

BeingDutch,AdmiralDeRuyterdidnotliketowastemoney;in17thcenturynavalwarfare,this

meantfiringasfewexpensivecannonballsaspossible.

Figure1:AparticularinstanceofDeRuyter’stactic,visualisedasagraph.Twoships(‘red’and

‘blue’)movefromasharedstartingpoint(1)toasharedendpoint(6).Theredship’srouteis1→3→6

(firing33canonballsalongtheway);theblueship’srouteis1→2→5→4→6(firing53canonballs

alongtheway).Intotal,86canonballsarefiredduringthemanoeuvre.Exceptforthestart-and

end-point,noverticesoredgesarevisitedbybothships.

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