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1..)What
is
LoRa®
Modulation?
LoRa®
(Long
Range)
is
a
modulationn
technique
that
provides
significantly
longer
range
than
competting
techniques
a
technologies.
The
modulation
is
based
on
spreaad‐spectrum
and
a
variation
of
chirp
sprread
spectrum
(CSS)
with
integrated
forwward
error
coorrection
(FECC).
LoRa
signiificantly
improves
the
receeiver
sensitivity
and
as
with
other
spreadd‐spectrum
mmodulation
tecchniques
uses
the
entire
cchannel
bandwidth
to
broadcast
a
signal,
making
it
robustt
to
channel
nnoise
and
insensitive
to
freequency
offseets
caused
froom
the
use
of
low
cost
crystals.
LLoRa
can
demodulate
signaals
19.5dB
beelow
the
noise
floor
while
most
frequenncy
shift
stems
(FSK)
need
a
signal
power
of
8‐100dB
above
the
noise
floor
aate
properly.
keying
sy
to
demodul
The
LoRa
modulation
is
the
PHY
layer
which
ccan
be
utilized
by
many
different
protocol
architectures
–
Mesh,
Star,
6loN,
etc.
2..)What
is
a
LoRa®
Gateway?
The
LoRa
gateways
are
designed
to
be
used
in
loong
range
star
network
architectures
annd
are
utilized
in
a
NN™
system.
They
are
multi‐channel,
muulti‐modem
trnd
can
demoodulate
on
muultiple
LoRaWAransceivers
a
channels
simultaneously
and
even
dd
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