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第1篇
Introduction
LegalEnglishisaspecializedformofEnglishusedinthelegalfield,includinglawoffices,courts,andlegalacademia.Itischaracterizedbyitsuniqueterminology,whichcanbequitecomplexandvaried.ThisarticleprovidesanoverviewofsomeofthekeylegalEnglishtermsandtheirdefinitions,aimingtoenhancetheunderstandingoflegalprofessionalsandstudentsalike.
I.BasicLegalTerms
1.CaseLaw
-Definition:Caselawreferstothedecisionsmadebycourtsinpreviouslegalcasesthatserveasprecedentsforfuturecaseswithsimilarissues.
-Example:TheSupremeCourtsdecisioninMarburyv.Madisonestablishedtheprincipleofjudicialreview.
2.Statute
-Definition:Astatuteisawrittenlawpassedbyalegislativebody,suchasaparliamentorcongress.
-Example:TheUnitedStatesConstitutionisasupremestatutethatoutlinesthefundamentalprinciplesandorganizationofthefederalgovernment.
3.CommonLaw
-Definition:Commonlawisabodyoflawdevelopedbyjudgesthroughtheirdecisionsinpreviouscases,ratherthanbylegislativeenactment.
-Example:Theruleoflawandthetortofnegligenceareexamplesofcommonlawprinciples.
4.CivilLaw
-Definition:Civillawisalegalsystembasedonwrittencodesandstatutes,asopposedtocommonlawsystemsthatrelyoncaselaw.
-Example:TheNapoleonicCodeisawell-knownexampleofacivillawsystem.
5.Tort
-Definition:Atortisacivilwrongforwhichapersonmaybelegallyliabletoanother,resultinginloss,injury,orharm.
-Example:Defamationandtrespassareexamplesoftorts.
6.Contract
-Definition:Acontractisalegallybindingagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatcreatesobligationsenforceablebylaw.
-Example:Aleaseagreementorasalescontractareexamplesofcontracts.
II.LegalProcedureTerms
1.Litigation
-Definition:Litigationreferstotheprocessofbringingalegaldisputebefore
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