机械转动速度测量原理及方法.pdfVIP

2.6.1.1MechanicalTachometer(cont.)

•Principle:Therotatingshaftisconnectedtotwolinks

attachedwithweights

•Theymoveoutwardsunderthecentrifugalforceand

causeaslidingcollartomovealongtheshaft

•Thefastertheangularvelocityoftheshaftis,thegreater

thecentrifugalforcewillbeandthelargerdiscement

theslidingcollarwillmove.

•Therefore,measuringthecollarmovement,bymeansof

linkageandpointer,forexample,canindicatethe

angularvelocity.Thisinstrumentcanmeasurespeedsup

to40,000rpm.

2.6.1.2ElectricalTachometer

•Therearefourtypes:

•Tachogenerators

•StroboscopicTachometer

•Inductive

•Photo-electric

Tachogenerators

•Asmallgeneratorconnectedtoarotatingshaft

generatesemfthatisproportionaltotheangular

velocity.EitherDCorACgeneratorcanbeused.

StroboscopicTachometer

•Aflashinglight,whosefrequencycanbevaried,is

shinintherotatingshaft.

•Asmallreflectivemarkisattachedonthesurfaceofthe

shaft

•Whentheflashingfrequencymatchestheshaftangular

velocity,themarkappearsstationary.

•However,themarkalsoappearsstationarywhenever

theshaftspeedisamultipleoftheflashingfrequency.

•Butwhentheshaftrotateactlyathalftheflashing

frequency,therewillwostationarymarks

diametricallyopposite.

StroboscopicTachometer(cont.)

•Therefore,theproceduretodeterminetheshaft

speedisasfollows:

•Startingwithalowflashingfrequency

•Increasetheflashingfrequencyuntiltwodiametrically

oppositeimagepear.

•Thenreducetheflashfrequencyslowlyuntila

stationaryimageappearsagain;

•Thatfrequencyistheshaftangularvelocity.

Inducti