动能及其定理原理与应用.pdfVIP

Handout

number:

5.2

知识梳理

一、动能

1.Definition:Theenergythatanobjecthasduetomovementiscalledkineticenergy.Thekineticenergyofan

objectisrelatedtothespeedandmassofanobject.Thegreaterthespeedofanobject,thegreaterthemass,t

hegreateritskineticenergy.

2.Formula:E＝.

k

3.Unit:Thesameunitasthemerit,itisallJouleintheInternationalSystemof

Units.

4.Vector:Kineticenergyisascalar,onlypositivevalues.

5.Kineticenergyisthequantityofstate,andthechangeofkineticenergyisthe

quantityofprocess.

[Specialreminder]Kineticenergyisrelative,anditsvalueisrelatedtotheselectionofreferencesystems.Generally,

thegroundisusedasthereferencesystem.

2.Kineticenergy

theorem

1.Derivation

method

(1)AccordingtoNewtonssecondlaw:F＝

.(2)Accordingtothekinematic

ma22

formula:v-v＝2as.(3)Thetwoformulas

21122

arecombinedtoobtainFs＝mv-12mv,

221

thatis,W＝E-E.2.Expression:W＝E-E.3.

k2k1k2k1

MeaningTheworkdonebythecombined

forceisequaltothechangeofthekinetic

energyoftheobject.

4.Application

scope

[Specialreminder]SomeproblemscanbesolvedbyusingthekineticenergytheoremorNe

wtonssecondlawcombinedwithkinematicformulas.Throughcomparison,wecanfindthatusingt

hekineticenergytheoremismoreconvenientandsimple.

考点1.动能定理的理解

(1)左边W代表合外力做的功，表示无论什么样的力对物体做的功，都对物体动能的变

化产生影响．

1212

(2)右边Emv，Emv，E－E代表物体动能的变化量．

k1＝1k2＝2

k2k1