2025年考研英语真题解析宝典与核心技巧汇编.pdfVIP

ReadingComprehension

Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhich

consumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsand

servicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetition

withotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoods

andservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisIhedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwith

thedesireofbusinessmentomaimizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaimizetheirincomes,thattogether

determinewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeepressed

andrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhich

pricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductis

inshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,

on(heotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincrease:hesupplyoffered

byseller-producers,whichinturnwillowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceisthe

regulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivatee