高中英语半小时专题练习 专题练(五)　说明文阅读(1)（含解析）.docxVIP

专题练(五)说明文阅读(1)

(分值：40分)

知考法明考向：说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和下定义等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章，旨在让读者了解信息。说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词义猜测题为主。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。

(2025·新课标Ⅰ，D)

①MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas，stuckinsidevolcanicrocks，filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.

Now，newresearchsuggeststhatasimple，cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龙头)：boilingandfiltering(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScienceTechnologyLetters，researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.

Crucially，thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)to②traptheplastics.Inthestudy，boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate，boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally，theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene，polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.

Still，thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater，scientistsfoundearlierthisyear，contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.

Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimit③intake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice，”CarolineGauchotte