参考文献 PROMPT-Algorithm and Tool for Automated Ontology

Alignment Natalya Fridman Noy and Mark A. Musen Stanford Medical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5479 {noy, musen}@ Abstract Researchers in the ontology-design field have developed the content for ontologies in many domain areas. Recently, ontologies have become increasingly common on the World- Wide Web where they provide semantics for annotations in Web pages. This distributed nature of ontology development has led to a large number of ontologies covering overlapping domains. In order for these ontologies to be reused, they first need to be merged or aligned to one another. The processes of ontology alignment and merging are usually handled manually and often constitute a large and tedious portion of the sharing process. We have developed and implemented PROMPT, an algorithm that provides a semi-automatic approach to ontology merging and alignment. PROMPT performs some tasks automatically and guides the user in performing other tasks for which his intervention is required. PROMPT also determines possible inconsistencies in the state of the ontology, which result from the user’s actions, and suggests ways to remedy these inconsistencies. PROMPT is based on an extremely general knowledge model and therefore can be applied across various platforms. Our formative evaluation showed that a human expert followed 90% of the suggestions that PROMPT generated and that 74% of the total knowledge-base operations invoked by the user were suggested by PROMPT. 1 Ontologies in AI and on the Web Ontologies today are available in many different forms: as artifacts of a tedious knowledge-engineering process, as information that was extracted automatically from informal electronic sources, or as simple “light-weight” ontologies that specify semantic relationships among resources