高温气冷堆核电技术.pdf

高温气冷堆技术 张作义 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院 2008年7月 1 一，核能发展的挑战：更经济更安全 2 轻水堆核电站是成熟技术，在经济性和安全 性上已经达到很高的水准，在现在及将来很 长一段时间都会继续成为核电的主流技术。 但是，技术的发展是无止境的，轻水堆有什 么不足，核电有什么改进的余地？ 铀-238的利用； 7 MPa饱和蒸汽发电，效率较低； 剩余发热载出的挑战太大，成为安全性改进的 主要方向。 3 PRESSURIZED H2O REACTOR Advantages Disadvantages Water must be highly pressurized to achieve even Water technology well known reasonably high temperatures without boiling Water is cheap Fuel -element fabrication expensive Water is very effective attenuator of neutron energy-- Temperature limited in metallic fuel elements core is compact Fission-product activity in core builds up to high level Water has high heat capacity--permits high power density Pure hot water is highly corrosive-requires special material for primary loop Wide range of fuel enrichment may be used Appreciable structural material required Specific power high Neutron economy poor unless Al or Zr is used