数字设计--第三章.ppt

Chapter3 Digital Circuits A binary number system contains two symbols and a set of operations But what does a 0 or a 1 look like in real life? Many things can represents 0s and 1s, but we are interested in representing them using electrical signals Then, how to represent a 0 or 1 with an electrical signal (voltage or current) ? We need to know the knowledge of the electrical aspects of digital circuits. 3.1 Logic Signals and Gates Logic Signals- a logic signal may look like this… Logic Signals and Gates Logic Signals and Gates Basic Concepts Two types of logic circuits： Combinational logic circuit （组合逻辑电路） Sequential logic circuit（时序逻辑电路） Basic Logic Function: AND Basic Logic Function: OR NAND and NOR NAND (与非) Logic Expression Z = ( A · B ) ’ Logic Symbol Complex Logic function XOR and XNOR XOR(Exclusive OR,异或) 2-input gate whose output is 1 if the inputs are different. XNOR(Exclusive NOR,同或) 2-input gate whose output is 1 if the inputs are same. 3.2 Logic Families Logic Gates- weve seen the basic logic gates that we use to form more complex logic expressions INV, AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR Logic Signaling - weve seen how we use an electrical signal to represent and transmit logic values 3.2 Logic Families Now we want to see how we actually create these circuits and signals using electronics There are different ways (or circuits) to implement logic gates The circuits are designed to interface with other circuits with the same type of design A collection of ICs designed to interface with each other is called a Logic Family The most common families we deal with are: 1) CMOS 2) TTL 3.3 CMOS Logic CMOS Logic levels MOSFET (MOS 晶体管) two types of MOSFETs: NMOS , PMOS MOSFET (MOS 晶体管) two types of MOSFETs: NMOS , PMOS MOSFET (MOS 晶体管) two types of MOSFETs: NMOS , PMOS ： MOSFET (MOS 晶体管) The gate of a MOS transistor has a very high impedance. （over a megohm, 大于兆欧） Regardless of gate voltage, almost no current between gate-source or ga