英语专业四级阅读练习题(三).doc

英语专业四级阅读练习题(三) 温馨提示：帮考网外语免费练习题，如需完整题库请登录 As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenthcentury North American Colonies，the silversmith and the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it. Only a few silversmiths were available in New York or Boston in the late seventeenth century，but in the eighteenth century they could be found in all major colonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled the silversmiths’ prestige. They handled the most expensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Their products，primarily silver plates and bowls，reflected their exalted status and testified to their customers’ prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time before neighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made，silver articles were readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications，they always carried the silversmith’s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved. Customers generally secure the silver for the silver object they ordered. They saved coins， took them to smiths，and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with these requests by melting the money in a small furnace，adding a bit of copper to form a stronger alloy，and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to the appropriate thickness by hand，shaped them and pressed designs into them for adornment. Engraving was also done by hand. In addition to plates and bowls，some customers sought more intricate products，such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting parts separately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithing also come of age in the early eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper’s ability to conduct heat efficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it was expensive in colonial America，coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copper