300X400数控激光切割机设计.doc

摘 要 激光切割的适用对象主要是难切割材料，如高强度、高韧性材料以及精密细小和形状复杂的零件，因而数控激光切割在我国制造业中正发挥出巨大的优越性。 本文设计了一台单片机控制的数控激光切割机床，主要完成了：机床整体结构设计，Z轴、XY轴的结构设计计算、滚珠丝杠、直线滚动导轨的选择及其强度分析；以步进电机为进给驱动的驱动系统及其传动机构的分析设计计算；以89C51为主控芯片的数控系统硬件电路设计、系统初始化设计及系统软件方案设计和步进电机的控制程序设计。 关键词 CNC，激光切割机床，结构，设计 ABSTRACT Laser cutting machine tool was usually used for the hard-cutting material, such as high-strength material, high precision ductile materials, and smart and complicated components. So, CNC laser cutting has been playing an important role in China's manufacturing industry. This paper describes the design of a SCM-controlled CNC laser cutting machine tools. More attention was paid on the overall machine design, Z axis, XY axis in the design, ball-screw and the choice of linear motion guide and intensity analysis; the drive system into which stepper motor was put and the analysis of the drive system design; 89C51 chip was mainly used for the design of hardware circuit, the design of system initialization and the design of stepper motor’s controlling program. Key words CNC, laser cutting machine tools, architecture, design CW: INC R0 CJNE R0,#0AH,ZZ MOVE R0,#00H ZZ: MOV A,R0 MOV DPTR,#ABC MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOV P1,A RET ABC: DB 0FCH,0F8H,0F9H,0F1H,0F3H DB 0E3H,0E7H,0E6H,0EEH,0ECH 反转程序为： CCW: DEC R0 CJNE R0,#0FFH,FZ MOV R0,#09H FZ: MOV A,R0 MOV DPTR,#ABC MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOV P1,A RET 纵向进给采用三相六拍步进电机，三相六拍工作方式通电换相的正序为：A-AB-B-BC-C-CA，共有6个通电状态。如果P1.7-P1.5输出的控制信号中，0代表使绕组通电，1代表使绕组断电，P1.4-P1.0五相十拍步进电机，设为1（即三相六拍步进电机工作，五相十拍步进电机不工作），控制则可用6个控制字来对应这6个通电状态。这6个控制字如表9.2所列。 表9.2 状态控制字 通电状态 P1.7(C) P1.6(B) P1.5(5) 控制字 A 1 1 0 DFH AB 1 0 0 9FH B 1 0 1 BFH BC 0 0 1 3FH C 0 1 1 7FH CA 0 1 0 5FH 软件脉冲分配子程序 正转程序为： CW: INC R1 CJNE R1,#0AH,ZZ MOVE R1,#00H ZZ: MOV A,R1 MOV DPTR,#AB MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOV P1,A RET AB: DB 0DFH,9FH,0BFH,3FH,7FH,5FH 反转程序为： CCW: DEC R0 CJNE R0,#0FFH,FZ MOV R0,#09H FZ: MOV A,R0 MOV DPT