2010年质量工程师考试讲义02-质量检验.pptVIP

检验差错的考核 漏检：有的不合格品没有被检出来（用户风险） 漏检率=被漏检的不合格品b/被检出认为合格的产品数G b G 检验差错的考核 错检：合格的被检成不合格(生产者风险) 错检率=被错检的合格品数k/被检出认为不合格的产品数D k D 案例：考试成绩复查 某校教务处组织对本校期末考试成绩复核。共抽取考卷100份，重新判分的结果是：及格88人，不及格12人。原来的判分结果为：及格96人，不及格4人。其中，9个不及格被误判为及格，1个及格被误判为不及格。计算漏检率和错检率。 漏检率：9/96 = 9.34% 错检率：1/4 = 25% 2.7 抽样检验 2.7.1 抽样方法 2.7.2 抽样检验分类 2.7.3 计数抽样检验方案 2.7.1 抽样方法 无偏好原则： 应用随即抽样来抽取样本 1、简单随机抽样 指从一批产品（N件）中任意地抽取n件（每一件产品被抽取的可能性是相等的） 例如： 摸奖（奖盒密闭，奖票特性相同） 摇奖（机械操作，奖球特性相同） ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2、系统抽样 每隔一段时间或一定编号进行，而每一次又是从一定时间间隔生产出的产品或一段序号产品中任意抽取样本。 多用于流程性产品的抽样。 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 3、分层抽样 根据不同的生产条件（不同的加工设备、操作者、操作方法）将产品分层（分类），在每层按照生产比例抽取若干样本。 分层的目的是为了保证足够的代表性和覆盖率 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●