[外语课件]虚拟语气.pptVIP

虚拟语气 一、语气 语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。包括陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。 陈述语气 表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的，也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来。 The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.秋风中黄叶纷飞。 Flowers blossom in spring. 春暖花开。 2. 祈使语气 表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、禁止等。 let us help you. keep off the grass. 3. 虚拟语气： 虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。 I wish I were a white cloud . 但愿我是一片云。 Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone. 除非铁石心肠，谁都会被那场景感动。 二、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用 英语中的条件句一般有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句，虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综时间条件句。 虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。最后一种是用于推测将来的情况，也称作推测条件句。 与现在事实相反 1.He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。 2.I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time ,I would certainly go to the movies with you. 我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果我有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。 3.If they treat me s a slave , I had to resign. 要是他们把我当作奴隶对待，我就要辞职。 与过去事实相反 1.If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. 如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。 2.The flood might have caused great damage to the people if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs . 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大损失了。 推测将来 1.If he were here this evening ,we would play cards. 如果他今晚在这里的话，我们就玩牌。 2. If I were to do the work ,I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我会以不同的方式去做。 3.If she should know it , she would tell me. 一、虚拟条件句中的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果…正在…”等，主句中的谓语仍用would (或might, should, could) 1. If she were living a hard life ,he should be responsible for it .要是她生活艰难的话，他应该对此负责。 2. If human beings were not killing each other, we could be living a happy life. 要是人类不自相残杀的话，我们就会过上幸福的生活。 二、条件句有were, had, should, could时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should, could放在主语前，用倒装结构。 1.Were it necessary , I might resign.如果有需要的话，我可以辞职。 2.Should I have time, I would call on her.我要是有时间就去看她。 3. Were they to get married ,they would be happy. 如果他们结婚的话，他们会幸福的。 三、虚拟语气中的主句通常是陈述句，但也可以是疑问句，感叹句或是祈使句； 1.If she had everything , would she be happy? 如果她什么都有，她会幸福吗？ 2. If he