研究生英语A_reading_13.pptVIP

CATALOGUE About the author and the text About the author and the text About the text People mentioned in the text 5. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) American astronomer, who made important contributions to the study of galaxies, the expansion of the universe, and the size of the universe. 6. Empedocles (490 BC?-430 BC) Greek philosopher, statesman, and poet. 7. Karl Popper (1902-1994) Austrian-born British philosopher of science, known for his theory of scientific method and criticism of historical determinism. 8. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time. He formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion—laws that explain how objects move on Earth as well as through the heavens. Thank you. Language points Important phrases 1. 科学理论的发现在某种程度上是由于巧合。 The discovery of scientific theory is in part due to coincidence. 2. 他指出，文明在进步，宇宙不可能从来就存在。 He pointed out that civilization is progressing and the universe could not have been around all that long. Language points Important phrases 3. 谁最先提出在宇宙形成之前时间的概念没有意义的假设？ Who first put forward the hypothesis that before the beginning of the universe the concept of time has no meaning? 4. 人们可以用宇宙永存的理论来解释所观察到的现象。 People can account for what is observed on the theory that the universe has existed forever. Language points Important phrases 5. 宇宙在某一个有限的时间以一种特定的方式被启动，而这种方式又使宇宙好像曾经永存。 The universe was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. 6. 在这种条件下，所有的科学规律，以及由此得来的所有的预测未来的能力，都将崩溃。 Under such conditions all the laws of science, and therefore all ability to predict the future, would break down. Language points Important phrases 7. 这一发现终于把宇宙起源的问题引入科学的领域。 This discovery finally brought the question of the beginning of the universe into the realm of science. 8. 好的理论的特点是，它能使一系列的预测通过观察在理论上被证伪或推翻。 A good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that