专业英语课件.ppt

Environment Nutrient Intake Water - Pigs require, by weight, approximately 2.5 times more water than feed each day. Up to 40% of this water, when delivered via a water nipple, can be wasted. Getting water to the pig can be done through nipples, bowls, or in the feeder. Feeder - Feeder adjustment is often seen as too much trouble, because this can be a difficult process. The performance of weanling pigs is maximized when the feeder gap allows for 40% of the trough to be covered with feed.  Environment Disease Hygiene - Follow all-in-all-out policy wherever possible. Clean and disinfect buildings and pens between batches. Review cleaning policy with vet; ensure that cleaning is effective and that appropriate disinfectants are used. Improvements in growth rates and efficiency related to health and hygiene have been well documented. Movement and Mixing - Reduce moves, minimize mixing, keep variation to a minimum, and enforce all-in-all-out policies. All help to improve health, minimize stress and increase growth rates and efficiency. Management Labour Invest in training - Many producers have realized up to an 18% increase in the number of pigs achieving premium payment grade and a 27% reduction in the cost of labour through improved output and more efficient methods of working. Training can help to raise self-esteem and to motivate the staff. Health - Any health challenge can affect worker performance and efficiency. With your vet, use farm health plans and national health data to pro-actively manage unit health and vaccination programs. Management Mortality As pig producers world-wide look to reduce their costs, the numbers of piglets born and reared per litter, becomes increasingly important. Factors influencing production costs include increasing numbers of pigs born alive per litter. Geneticists have been successful in breeding lean animals with low levels of fat. This has allowed more emphasis to be placed on selection