基于单片机的电加热恒温箱控制器设计.doc

基于单片机的电加热恒温箱控制器设计 摘 要:恒温箱作为一种重要的工具广泛地应用于医疗、工业生产和食品加工等领域。在常规的环境参数中，由于温度受其它因素影响较大，且难以校准，温度也是最难准确测量的一个参数。因此，恒温箱的性能在很大程度上取决于对温度的控制性能。 本设计采用单片机对恒温箱的温度进行PID控制，使其温度稳定在某一个设定值上。并且具有键盘输入温度给定值、定时时间，LED数码管显示温度值/时间和定时报警的功能，实现了自动控制温度的目的。 基于P89V51RD2的恒温箱温度控制系统主要实现了温度采集、A/D转换、软件滤波、温度控制及定时等功能。 首先，介绍了恒温箱设计的课题背景及意义，并结合设计要求和实际情况选择了设计所涉及到的主要功能器件，同时重点介绍了P89V51RD2、ADC0809、Pt100的主要功能。 其次，阐述了系统的工作原理，完成了系统结构图的设计，把系统划分为5大模块并完成了各大模块的设计工作，同时附以系统硬件电路原理图。 最后，设计了系统的软件。系统软件是用C语言进行软件设计的，C语言具有指令简单，数据量小等特点。 关键词：恒温箱；温度控制；单片机；PID控制 The Design of Electricity Heating Incubator Control System Based on the MCU Abstract: Incubators as an important tool widely used in medical, industrial production and food processing in areas such as.Temperature is affected by other factors in the conventional environmental parameters, and also difficult to proofreading ; therefore, the temperature is one of the most difficult to measure accurately parameters . So, The performance of the incubator to a large extent depends on the temperature control performance. The design uses single chip microcomputer to control the oven temperature through the PID control，causing its temperature control into suppose in the definite value in some．And the system has the keyboard entry temperature and time given value , LED displays temperature/timing value and surmounting boundary of the time reports outside．It realizes temperature control automatically. Based on P89V51RD2, the oven temperature control system main realizes temperature collection, A/D conversion, software filtering, PID control and timing functions. First, the paper introduces the background of the subject. Combined with the design requirements and the actual situation of the design ,the main devices that related to subject are confirmed. At the same time the main functions of P89V51RD2, ADC0809, Pt100 is written down. Secondly, it describes the principle of the system, and achieves the concrete structure photo of the design. The system is divided into five modules and ev