【信息技术英文版课件】ModelsandDecisionSupport.pptVIP

c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved Chapter 8Models and Decision Support Transaction Processing System Model Specific Way of Looking at the World specific and concrete mathematical equations subjective descriptions financial models consumer models management models Assist in Understanding More Complex Issues enable comparison between model and actual results Some Processes Defy Modeling Too much variability or complexity Uses of Models Optimization Prediction Description Simulation Dangers of Models Number of Alternatives Expense Time Difficulty to Mirror Reality Biases in Decision-Making Acquisition (input) Processing Output Feedback Re-Engineering Analyze and Model the Entire Company Make Major Changes to the Operation of the Business Small Changes over Time can Actually cause a business to be misaligned with its Target Object-Oriented Models Specify Attributes and Functions of Each Object Add New Attributes to Portray Actual Movement Capacity Time Required to Complete a Job Cost Physical Objects Customer Order Entry Department Inventory Shipping Data Objects Purchase Orders Routing Slips Parts Lists Shipping Schedules Invoices Operations Problems Operations Problems Well-Defined, Easy to Solve Transaction Processing Systems Collect the Data Decision Affects Business for a Day or Two Decision Support Systems Database Collects Model Evaluates Model should Directly Access Database Different Brands of Software are Used for Each Component Output Produces Graphs Input and Output Variables Input Variables To Receive Data Quantities of Raw Materials Labor Hours Money Invested in Capital Equipment Identified by Statistical Techniques Process Data Output Variables Profit Quantity Produced Quality Ratings Software and Models Generic Modeling Tools SPSS or SAS Decision Support System Database Management System Spreadsheets GroupWare Group Decision Support System Lotus Notes Executive Information System connecte