【生产动作管理】库存管理.ppt

What is Inventory 库存 ：为了满足未来需要而暂时闲置的资源。 为什么要持有库存？ Inventory category 库存种类 单周期库存、多周期需求的库存 Single period Multiple periods 周转库存、安全库存、调节库存 Cycle Safety Seasonal Inventory 相关性需求库存、独立性需求库存 Dependent and Independent Inventory Replenishment Policies库存补充策略 Periodic Review Model 周期性检查模型 Continuous Review Model 连续性检查模型 Replenishment Policies库存补充策略 (Q,R) strategy (R,S) strategy (T,S) strategy (T,R,S) strategy The Content of Inventory Management库存管理的内容 How much to reoder? When to reoder? 库存成本 Inventory Cost 库存持有成本 Inventory Holding Cost Cost of capital Obsolescence cost Handling cost Occupancy cost Miscellaneous 订货成本 Order Cost Buyer time Transportation costs Receiving costs ACME About 1500 different products About 10000 accounts ACME 经济订货批量模型 (EOQ) R: 单位时间的需求量 S: 订货成本（元/次） C: 采购成本（元/件） h: 库存保管费率 H: 单位产品的年库存保管费 Q:订货批量 T: 订货的时间间隔 经济订货批量 (EOQ) R: 单位时间的需求量 S: 订货成本（元/次） C: 采购成本（元/件） h: 库存保管费率 H: 单位产品的年库存保管费 Q:订货批量 T: 订货的时间间隔 ACME ACME Demand, R = 12,000 computers per year Unit cost, C = $500 Holding cost, h = 0.2 Fixed cost, S = $4,000/order ACME Demand, R = 12,000 computers per year Unit cost, C = $500 Holding cost, h = 0.2 Fixed cost, S = $4,000/order ACME Demand, R = 12,000 computers per year Unit cost, C = $500 Holding cost, h = 0.2 Fixed cost, S = $4,000/order Factors affecting Safety Inventory影响安全库存的因素 供应与需求的不确定性 The uncertainty of demand or supply 提前期的不确定性 Replenishment Lead Time 需求的不确定性 Demand Uncertainty 预期的服务水平 The desired level of product availability Measuring Product Availability产品现货供应能力 产品可获得性 服务水平 Product fill rate ( fr ) 服务水平 产品线物品完成率 产品现货供应比率 单产品订单履行率 Order fill rate Cycle service level (CSL) 服务水平 产品现货供应概率 Continuous Review Policy The Replenishment Policy 安全库存 Safety Inventory ss = 10 Q = 132; 再订货点 ROP = 65 R = 39.3 /week; ?R = 13.2;L = 1 weeks Safety Inventory and Cycle Service Level L: 提