毕业论文--基于单片机控制的步进电机控制器.doc

毕业设计（论文）报告 题 目 基于单片机控制的步进电 机控制器 系 别 尚德光伏学院 . 专 业 应用电子技术 . 班 级 0902 . 学生姓名 张飞 . 学 号 090067 . 指导教师 蔡锦元 . 2012年 4 月 基于单片机控制的步进电机控制器 摘要：步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元步进电机件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度，称为“步距角”，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。 AT89S51单片机来控制步进电机，不仅可以实现电机的正反转，还可以实现17级调速，以及LED状态显示功能，电路设计可靠且易于实现，程序设计简单易懂。本系统主要由按键电路、单片机最小系统、AT89S51单片机、步进电机状态显示电路、驱动电路以及步进电机等几部分组成。输出驱动电路采用一个六非门芯片74LS04和四个三极管，来驱动步进电机的四相绕组。短路保护采用一个0.4A的保险管，防止因绕组短路而烧毁烧毁电机。 关键词：步进电机 单片机 单片机最小系统 子程序 Based on the single chip microcomputer to control the step motor controller Abstract：Stepper motor is electrical pulse signal into angular or linear displacement of open-loop control stepping parts. In non-overload of situation Xia, motor of speed, and stop of location only depends on pulse signal of frequency and pulse number, and does not by load changes of effect, dang step into drive received to a pulse signal, it on drive step into motor by set of direction turns a fixed of angle, called step from angle, it of rotating is to fixed of angle a step a step run of. By controlling the number of pulses to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve accurate positioning of purpose ; at the same time you can control pulse frequency controlled motor rotation speed and Acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. The system uses AT89S51single-chip microcomputer to control the stepper motor, which can not only realize the motor positive inversion, can also realize the17 step speed regulation, and the LED state display function, circuit design and reliable and easy to realize, the program design is simple and easy to understand. This system is mainly composed of a key circuit, MCU minimum system, AT89S51 MCU, step motor status display circuit, driving circuit and step mot