概率与数理统计外文文献及翻译.docVIP

河北师范大学 毕业论文（设计）英文文献翻译 学生姓名 : *** 专 业 : 数学与应用数学 年 级 : 2008级 学 号 : 200820404119 本(专)科 : 本科 指导教师 : *** 河北师范大学教务处印制外文文献 The development of probability theory Summary This paper consist therefore of two parts: The first is concerned with the development of the calyculus of chance before Bernoulli in order to provide a background for the achievement of Ja kob Bernoulli and will emphasize especially the role of Leibniz. The second part deals with the relationship between Leibniz add Bernoulli and with Bernoulli himself, particularly with the question how it came about that he introduced probability into mathematics. First some preliminary remarks: Ja kob Bernoulli is of special interest to me, because he is the founder of a mathematical theory of probability. That is to say that it is mainly due to him that a concept of probability was introduced into a field of mathematics. Text Mathematics could call the calculus of games of chance before Bernoulli. This has another consequence that makes up for a whole programme: The mathematical tools of this calculus should be applied in the whole realm of areas which used a concept of probability. In other words，the Bernoullian probability theory should be applied not only to games of chance and mortality questions but also to fields like jurisprudence, medicine, etc. My paper consists therefore of two parts: The first is concerned with the development of the calculus of chance before Bernoulli in order to provide a background or the achievements of Ja kob Bernoulli and will emphasize especially the role of Leibniz. The second part deals with the relationship between Leibniz and Bernoulli and Bernoulli himself, particularly with the question how it came about that he introduced probability into mathematics. Whenever one asks why something like a calculus of probabilities arose in the 17th century, one already assumes several things: for instance that before the 17th century it did not exist, and that only then a