AJL quantum bit 量子比特.pdfVIP

3C1 1 INTRODUCTION TO SUPERCONDUCTING QUBITS A. J. Leggett Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Lecture 1 ((Thurs. 3 Appril)): QQuantum Compputation a) The idea of quantum computation b) How to build a quantum computer (in principle!) LectureLecture 22 (Thurs(Thurs. 1010 April):April): SuperconductivitySuperconductivity a) Qualitative aspects and phenomenology b) Microscopic theory LLectture 33 (Th(Thurs. 1717 AApril)il): ThThe JJosephhson effffectt a) “Classical” theory b) QM of macroscopic systems Lecture 4 (?): Superconducting qubits a) Types of qubit and their characteristics b) Recent experiments and current issues Color code: blue = main red = emphasis green = definitions, comments = caution! 3C1 2 CLASSICAL COMPUTATION (bare bones) Computer can be viewed as circuit composed of wires and gates whichwhich processprocess bitsbits. bits bits in out wires ggates A (classical) bit is an elementary “unit of information”: physically it is a system which must be in one or other of two states, conventionally “0” or “1.” A wire simply carries a single bit from gate to gate. A gate is a “black box” which transforms bits into other bits. InIn classicalclassical computationcomputation, thethe numbernumber ofof inputinput andand outpu