钢铁行业微利的原因及对策分析.pdfVIP

钢铁行业微利的原因及对策分析 潘开灵 王 芳 （武汉科技大学管理学院，武汉 430081 ） 摘 要 首先在文献综述和数据分析基础上证实了我国钢铁行业已经进入了微利时代，然后从产业的视角，利用迈 克尔·波特的产业竞争理论，全面分析钢铁行业微利时代的原因，主要是政策、技术、资金壁垒丧失带来的潜在竞 争者增加，再加上供应商的议价压力和行业内无序的竞争，最后提出了相应的解决措施，并展望了我国钢铁行业的 未来，如果没有政策的扶持，钢铁行业将会在很长一段时间内维持微利状态。 关键词 产业视角 钢铁行业 微利时代 原因与对策 The Reasons and Countermeasures of Low-profit Era in Iron and Steel Industry Based on the Industry Perspective Pan Kailing Wang Fang (Management School, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081) Abstract Firstly, the steel industry had entered a low-profit era was confirmed based on the literature review and the data analysis. Second, from the perspective of the industry, using Michael Porters Competitive Theory, the reasons of low-profit era in iron and steel industry were comprehensive analyzed. And the main reasons are the increase of potential competitors which was come from the gradual loss of policy, technical and financial barriers, bargaining pressure of suppliers and disorderly competition in the industry. Finally, the corresponding solutions were put forward, and the future of Chinas steel industry was prospected. If there is no policy support, the steel industry will be maintain low-profit status in a long time . Key words industry perspective, iron and steel industry, low-profit era, reasons and solutions 1 引言 2009 年，中国钢铁行业的销售利润率只有 2.43%，不及全国工业销售利润率平均水平 5.47%的一半，也 [1] 远低于纺织行业 10%以上的销售利润率 ，2011 年，在原燃料价格高位运行与钢材价格持续波动的双重作 用下，钢铁行业销售利润率仍将低于工业领域的平均水平[4] 。中国钢铁工业协会常务副会长罗冰生2011 年 5 月 29 日在上海表示，2011 年前 4 月纳入协会统计的国内 77 家大中型钢铁企业实现利润 339 亿元，相比去 年同期的亏