土木工程专业英语(绪论)1.pptVIP

土木工程专业英语English for Special Purposes in Civil Engineering  Introduction绪 论 一、专业英语的基本特点 * General English 普通英语 English for Science and Technology 科技英语 English for Special Purposes 专业英语 （一）语言特点 语言简练，表达明确，不重润饰逻辑严谨，概念清晰，关系明确 The yield criterion for a material is a mathematical description of the combination of stresses which cause yield of material. In other words, it is a relationship between applied stresses and ‘strength’. The yield criterion can be written: where σ1,σ2,σ3 ,are the principal stresses, and fy is the yield stress. When F0, yield does not occur and if rigid-plastic material properties are assumed, there are no deformation. If F=0, yield occurs. 1、It…结构，非人称的语气和客观的态度 （二）语法特点 It is easier to make changes in design and to all correct errors during construction (and at less expense) if welding is used. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 2、较多使用被动语态 In office buildings, on the other hand, artificial light is accepted for more uniform illumination. Before any civil engineering project can be designed, a survey at site must be made. 3、大量使用非限定性动词：不定式、动名词… The total weight being less, it is possible to build much taller buildings. Any beam spanning a void tends to bend downward between the supports, putting the lower half of the beam under tension. 4、较多使用祁使语气和公式化表达方式： Assume that…, Suppose that…, Let… Suppose that P=0 at x=y. 5、条件语句较多 If substituting Eq. (1) into (7), we obtain F=xyz. 6、长句多 It is important also that the designer be ware of the method of construction or erection be employed, since, in certain cases, the loading conditions to which a member is subjected during erection may induces a stress condition which exceeds that due to the service loads of the structures. 设计者留意所采用的施工或安装方法也是很重要的。因为，在某些情况下，安装过程中杆件承受的荷载所产生的应力可能会超过工作荷载产生的结构应力。 1）通过形态识别，突显主、谓、宾、表等主干成分； 2）了解其“骨架