《电子信息工程专业英语导论》课件PART_2_unit52.pptVIP

PART 2 Modern Electronics Devices UNIT 5 The basic components of computer system New words and Technical Terms memory processor performance location signal instruction bus semiconductor flip-flop chip transistor binary central processing unit (CPU) integrated circuit (IC) input/output (I/O) metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) read random memory (RAM) only read memory (ROM) Text The basic components that make up a computer system include: the CPU memory, I/O, and the bus that connects these components together. John Von Neumann, a pioneer in computer design, gave the architecture of most computers in use today. A typical Von Neumann system has three major parts: the central processing unit (or CPU), memory, and input/output (or I/O). How a system designs these parts impacts the system performance. In VNA machines, like the 80x86 family, the CPU is where all the actions take place [1]. [1].在VNA机器体系中，如8086系列，CPU是执行所有事务的地方。 在the CPU is where all the actions take place中，主语是the CPU，where all the actions take place是关系副词where引导的从句充当表语。 All computations occur inside the CPU. Data and CPU instructions reside in memory until required by the CPU. To the CPU, most I/O devices look like memory because the CPU can store data to an output device and read data from an input device. The major difference between memory and I/O device is that I/O device is generally associated with external device in the outside world. The system bus connects various components of a VNA machine. The 80x86 family has three major busses: the address bus, the data bus, and the control bus. A bus is a connection of wires on which electrical signals pass through components in the system. For example, the data bus may have a different implementation between the 80386 and the 8086, but both carry data among the processor,